Ahriman, also known as Angra Mainyu, is a central figure in Persian mythology and Zoroastrian religion. As the embodiment of absolute evil, Ahriman represents the forces of destruction and chaos, directly opposing Ahura Mazda, the supreme god of light and goodness.
Origins of Ahriman
The origins of Ahriman are rooted in ancient Zoroastrian beliefs, one of the oldest religions in the world, founded by the prophet Zoroaster (or Zarathustra) around the 6th century BCE. Zoroastrianism is characterized by a cosmic dualism, in which the world is a battlefield between the forces of good and evil. According to traditional doctrine, Ahriman is an eternal entity who deliberately chose the path of evil. Some traditions, such as Zurvanism, narrate that Ahriman and Ahura Mazda were born from the god of time, Zurvan. Ahriman was born from Zurvan's doubt during a ritual to obtain offspring, thus representing chaos and corruption originating from uncertainty.
Role of Ahriman
In the Zoroastrian context, Ahriman is the leader of the daevas, the demonic forces, and embodies everything that is malignant, chaotic, and destructive. He is the antithesis of Ahura Mazda, who represents truth, order, and justice. Ahriman constantly attempts to subvert the cosmic order created by Ahura Mazda, bringing disease, death, and destruction into the world. He is associated with the concept of "Druj," the lie, which is the opposite of "Asha," the truth and cosmic order.
History and Mythology
Zoroastrian mythology describes a cosmic battle between Ahriman and Ahura Mazda, which will last 9000 years. During the first 3000 years, Ahura Mazda creates the world and everything good. In the next 3000 years, Ahriman corrupts the world with his demonic forces. The final phase of 3000 years will see a final battle between the forces of good and evil, with Ahura Mazda's ultimate victory. Ahriman is destined to be defeated and relegated to the "House of Lies" or "Worst Existence," a place of eternal punishment.
Cultural Influence
Ahriman has influenced various aspects of Persian culture and religion, and his figure has appeared in numerous literary and artistic works. His representation as the arch-enemy of good has parallels in many other religions, such as the concept of Satan in Christianity. Ahriman continues to be a figure of great interest in the study of comparative mythology and ancient religions.
Conclusion
The figure of Ahriman represents one of the earliest incarnations of absolute evil in religious history. His story and role in Zoroastrian mythology offer important insights into religious dualism and conceptions of good and evil.